Incense burner has been used in buddhist worship activities and is a common scholar's object. Burning incense, brewing tea, flower decoration and painting appreciation were the four common activities among scholars. The common forms are hill censer and Xuande incense burner, which are made in centuries that follow. Xuande incense burners were created in bronze in the Xuande period. They were the first censers made with yellow bronze. Bronze was carefully selected and forged into previous forms of censers in history. Xuande marks remained unchanged from the Ming Dynasty through to the Qing Dynasty, despite slight changes to the forms following the varied aesthetic standards in the Qing Dynasty. This bronze incense burner shows signs of usage. Exquisite forms and heavy material suggest excellent quality and craftsmanship. It is enclosed with a six-character Xuande mark in Regular Script at the base. This censer is casted in high quality bronze with an everted rim and looped ears on the two sides. Incense burners were an essential part of the studio of Emperor Xuan of the Ming Dynasty. Such traditions were maintained by the Ming and Qing scholars.